炭黑废水的处理现状与发展

主要阐述了炭黑废水的产生,危害和几种处理方法以及炭黑处理新的发展趋势。回收的炭黑可以变废为宝,重新被利用。     

雅园立交桥盖梁加固技术

雅园立交桥在使用十多年后桥梁结构和隐形盖梁均出现了一些病害,文中着重介绍盖梁加固设计方案及其特点、难点,具体施工方法、相关注意事项及技术措施,对立交桥梁的加固技术也进行了探讨。     

Investigation of long-term engine oil performance using lab-based artificial ageing illustrated by the impact of ethanol as fuel component

The effect of ethanol and its combustion products on the lubrication system is not very well understood. In this paper, a novel lab-based artificial ageing method for the evaluation of engine oils for bio-fuelled automotives and the results thereof are presented. Artificial ageing of three fully formulated engine oils with addition of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid was carried out. The oil formulations chosen represent a consequent series of optimisation steps based on the engine oil performance in terms of preservation of typical oil parameters, e.g. base reserve and oxidation, observed during the artificial ageing procedure. It was shown that ethanol as well as acetaldehyde has almost no effect on the oil degradation especially in the case that advanced additive technology was used. On the contrary, acetic acid significantly affected the formulated oil showing influence on the detergent chemistry and even caused sludge formation. The use of the novel artificial ageing method proved to clearly differentiate the impact of the respective compounds added with the possibility to simulate enhanced stress conditions without the need of time-consuming and expensive engine bench tests. Hence, the novel setup offers valuable input for the formulation and the pre-selection of future engine oils suitable for bio-fuel.     

Dual Bioactivities of Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Artemisia argyi as an Antimelanogenic versus Antioxidant Agent and Chemical Composition Analysis by GC/MS

The study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of essential oil when extracted from the leaves of Artemisia argyi, then analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil on melanogenesis was evaluated by a mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and B16F10 melanoma cell model. The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was assayed by spectrophotometric analysis, and the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results revealed that the essential oil significantly inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 19.16 mg/mL), down-regulates B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and decreases the amount of melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radicals, showed an apparent reduction power as compared with metal-ion chelating activities. The chemicals constituents in the essential oil are ether (23.66%), alcohols (16.72%), sesquiterpenes (15.21%), esters (11.78%), monoterpenes (11.63%), ketones (6.09%), aromatic compounds (5.01%), and account for a 90.10% analysis of its chemical composition. It is predicted that eucalyptol and the other constituents, except for alcohols, in the essential oil may contribute to its antioxidant activities. The results indicated that essential oil extracted from A. argyi leaves decreased melanin production in B16F10 cells and showed potent antioxidant activity. The essential oil can thereby be applied as an inhibitor of melanogenesis and could also act as a natural antioxidant in skin care products.     

Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India

BACKGROUND: Two Ocimum basilicum cultivars, ‘Vikarsudha’ and ‘CIM‐Saumya’, grown in the Kumaon region of western Himalaya were evaluated for their essential oil yield and composition at different stages of plant growth during two distinct cropping seasons (spring–summer and rain–autumn). RESULTS: The highest yield of essential oil was obtained at full bloom stage in both cultivars in both cropping seasons. The essential oils obtained from different stages in two cropping seasons were analysed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major component of cultivar ‘Vikarsudha’ was methyl chavicol (84.3–94.3%), while for cultivar ‘CIM‐Saumya’ the main components were methyl chavicol (62.5–77.6%) and linalool (14.4–34.1%). CONCLUSION: This study clearly indicated that cultivar, cropping season, plant ontogeny and plant part had significant effects on the yield and quality of the essential oil of O. basilicum. Further, the amount of methyl chavicol in the cultivars grown in this region was higher than in cultivars from other parts of India. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Microwave preparation and properties of O-crosslinked maleic acyl chitosan adsorbent for Pb2+ and Cu2+

A novel chitosan-based adsorbent (CCTM) was prepared by the reaction of epichlorohydrin O-crosslinked chitosan with maleic anhydride under microwave irradiation. The chemical structure of this polymer was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The effects of various variables such as degree of substitution, adsorption time, initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature, on the adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ by CCTM were investigated. The results demonstrate that the microwave irradiation can remarkably enhance the reaction. CCTM has higher adsorption capacity than chitosan. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺, with initial concentrations of 0.02 mol L⁻¹ at pH 5, are 246.3 and 132.5 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The adsorbent can be recycled. These results have important implications for the design of effective chitosan-based adsorbents in the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

A new solvent‐free super high build epoxy coating evaluated by marine corrosion simulation apparatus

Coal tar epoxy and epoxy asphalt coating have been widely used to protect marine constructions conventionally. However, their use is being restricted for increasing environmental concerns. Therefore, solvent‐free coating, i.e., coating without volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or hazardous air pollutant has become a new focus. Meanwhile, super high build (SHB) coating, having good anti‐corrosion performance and environment‐friendly feature, has become an important area of development in heavy‐duty protection to marine constructions. Herein, we combine the virtues of solvent‐free and SHB coating to introduce a new solvent‐free SHB heavy‐duty epoxy coating with no organic solvent and extremely low VOC content. Results show that the new coating is environment‐friendly, and has excellent physical properties and anti‐corrosion performance. The SHB coating performed much better than other three widely used coatings, especially in splash zone, the most dynamic area. The new solvent‐free SHB coating provides an ideal substitute to coal tar epoxy and epoxy asphalt coating and is expected to be widely used for anti‐corrosion of steel structures in splash, tidal, and immersed zones.     

Fabrication of Reduced Fat Products by Controlled Heteroaggregation of Oppositely Charged Lipid Droplets

Abstract: This study describes how the rheological properties of colloidal dispersions formed by heteroaggregation of oppositely charged protein‐coated lipid droplets depend on total particle concentration. Mixed‐particle emulsions were formed by mixing single‐particle emulsions containing either β‐lactoglobulin‐coated lipid droplets (ζ≈?42 mV, d₄₃≈ 0.35 μm) or lactoferrin (LF)‐coated lipid droplets (ζ≈+26 mV, d₄₃≈ 0.32 μm). A series of single‐particle and mixed‐particle emulsions with different total fat contents (5% to 40%) were prepared, and their mean particle size, apparent viscosity, and shear modulus were measured. Mixed‐particle emulsions (40% LF: 60%β‐Lg) containing relatively high fat contents (>10%) had high viscosities and paste‐like properties. These rheological characteristics were attributed to extensive particle aggregation and network formation due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged droplets. The viscosities of mixed‐particle emulsions were much higher than those of single‐particle emulsions with equivalent fat contents. Measurements of the color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) of mixed‐particle emulsions with low fat contents showed that they had similar appearances as single‐particle emulsions with high fat contents. This study has important implications for the creation of reduced fat foods with similar sensory qualities as higher fat foods. Practical Application: This study describes how novel food materials can be created by mixing together negatively charged and positively charged lipid droplets. These mixed emulsions may be suitable for the creation of reduced fat products, since they have high viscosities and paste‐like properties at relatively low fat contents.     

High value polyurethane resins from rubber seed oil

Rubber seed oil having high free fatty acid content and high unsaturation was used to obtain high quality polyurethane resins through epoxidation and ring opening with methanol and free fatty acids. Two polyols prepared with free fatty acids and without were cured with modified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to obtain strong, high modulus glassy polyurethanes. The effect of structure on thermal and mechanical properties was analyzed. This showed that the polyol with free fatty acid utilized to obtain a branched structure gave superior crosslinking density and mechanical properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚α-烯烃合成油及其加氢工艺的研究进展

聚α-烯烃合成油是所有合成润滑油基础油中性能最优异的一种,具有黏度指数高、低温性能和高温氧化安定性好、抗燃性好及挥发性低等优点,是未来应用广泛的合成基础油,市场需求持续增加。综述聚α-烯烃基础油及其加氢工艺、加氢精制催化剂的研究现状。传统聚α-烯烃合成油生产工艺有乙烯齐聚法和石蜡裂解法等,潞安煤制油工艺和天然气制油工艺等新工艺也开始兴起。加氢精制工艺对提高聚α-烯烃合成油的质量起着至关重要的作用,北京燕化聚华工贸有限公司两段加氢精制工艺和中国石油兰州润滑油厂聚α-烯烃合成油加氢精制处理工艺均极大改善了聚α-烯烃合成油的质量。聚α-烯烃合成油加氢精制效果很大程度取决于加氢精制催化剂性能,要求加氢精制催化剂具有较高的选择性和较好的稳定性。